lEx  Htbrts 


SEYMOUR  DURST 


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Because  it  has  heen  said 
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Except  a  loaned  hook." 


OLD   YORK   LIBRARY  —  OLD   YORK  FOUNDATION 


Avery  Architectural  and  Fine  Arts  Library 
Gift  of  Seymour  B.  Durst  Old  York  Library 


Sok  I  7 


Copyrighted.    All  rights  reserved 
1906  by 

Niagara  Falls  ,  N.Y. 

U.S.A. 


Niagara  Falls,  America 


Geological  Section  of  Niagara  Falls. 


The  True  Manufacturing  Center 
Lowest  Costs  of  Manufacture 
Lo'vest  Average  Delivery  Expense  to  Trade 
Lowest   'Selling"  Cost 


HENNEPIN  S  VIEW  1678 


en  ff\e  real  energies  of  Niagara  nave  been  recog- 
nized and  the  relation  between  thpse  energies  and 
the  mrghj  of  terrestrial  gravity  is  understood,  the 
mind  rrxvjst  be  awed  by  the  stupendous  significance 
of  Niagara.  r/cvard  a  proctor 


HENNEPIN'S  VIEW  OF  TO -DAY 


LOCATION 


a 


HE  latest  official  census  of  the  United  States  (1900)  shows 
that  the  center  of  manufactures,  based  on  value  of  output, 
is  at  a  point  seventeen  miles  southeast  of  Mansfield,  Ohio, 
while  the  center  of  population  is  at  Columbus,  Indiana.  Both 
centers  are  practically  stationary,  though,  as  now  seems  probable, 
the  latter  may  slowly  drift  slightly  southeastward,  while  the  manu- 
facturing center  will  evidently  drift  more  slowly  eastwardly  and  re- 
main not  far  from  Niagara  Falls. 

Draw  a  circle  of  five  hundred  miles  from  your  city  and  compare 
it  with  map  on  following  page.  Then  one  of  seven  hundred  miles 
radius  and  have  the  population  inside  circle  added  up  and  compare  it 
with  the  data  on  next  page.  It  will  be  plainly  seen  that  we  are 
near  the  centers  of  manufacturing  and  of  population  and  can  reach 
the  bulk  of  your  possible  trade  with  less  mileage  in  less  time. 

Here,  over  our  seven  RAILWAY  SYSTEMS,  we  are  but  a 
night's  ride  from  Boston,  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  Pitts- 
burg, Cincinnati,  Indianapolis,  Chicago,  and  intermediate  cities. 
And  every  through  ticket  via  this  section  is  entitled  to  a  stop-over, 
without  extra  charge,  even  if  it  is  a  three-day  limited  ticket.  No 
other  manufacturing  city  has  this  advantage.  If  customers  or  users 
of  your  output  can  conveniently  visit  your  plant  and  quickly  secure 
delivery  of  freight  therefrom,  the  greater  their  demand  for  same. 

As  to  Raw  Materials:  Iron  and  steel  come  from  plants  within  8 
to  270  miles;  Hard  Coal  260  to  300  miles;  Soft  Coal  150 
miles ;  Coke  150  to  300  miles ;  Lumber  from  nearby  Canadian  for- 
ests, from  the  Adirondacks,  Western  Pennsylvania,  West  Vir- 
ginia and  also  via  the  Lakes  from  Ohio,  Indiana,  Michigan,  Wis- 
consin and  Minnesota.  One  of  the  greatest  lumber  depots  is  in  this 
county  less  than  eight  miles  from  here.  Grain,  leather,  etc.,  come 
via  the  Great  Lakes.  Imported  Raw  Materials  can  come  via  Erie 
Canal  or  St.  Lawrence  River.  Compare  these  advantages  with  the 
present  and  the  probabilities  of  the  future  sources  of  supplies  of  raw 
materials  you  need. 

Then  consider  the  time  needed  for  your  output  to  reach  your 
customer  and  also  the  advantages  that  will  accrue  from  having  more 
customers  call  upon  you. 


132  of  the  167  cities  each  having  25,000  or  more  population  are  within  the  700 
mile  circle. 

^Center  of  Manufacture,  17  miles  southeast  of  Mansfield,  O. 
+Center  of  Population,  Columbus,  Ind. 


6 


POPULATION  WITHIN  700  MILES  OF  NIAGARA  FALLS 

CENSUS  1900 


CANADA.    Ontario  Province,  except  extreme  Northwest  part  Rainy  River 


District  ...... 

2,122,321 

Quebec  Province  ...... 

1,500,000 

New  Brunswick,  except  east  line  Bathurst  to  Moncton 

285,089 

Nova  Scotia  west  of  lme  Kentville  to  Bridgewater 

133,694 

New  England  States  ..... 

5,586,962 

New  York  ...... 

7,268,012 

New  Jersey  ...... 

1,883,669 

Pennsylvania  ...... 

6,302,115 

Delaware  ....... 

184,735 

Maryland  ...... 

1,190,050 

District  of  Columbia  ..... 

278,718 

Virginia  ...... 

1,854,184 

North  Carolina  ..... 

1,893,810 

South  Carolina,  except  Southeast  line  below  Charleston 

through  Tennessee  ..... 

1,284,152 

Georgia,  except  south  line  Sylvania-Jackson-Carrollton 

998,224 

Alabama,  north  line  Muscadine-Gadsden-Jacksonburg 

228,645 

Tennessee,  except  Southwest  corner  west  of  line  Savannah- 

Jackson-Dyersburg  .... 

1,663,008 

Kentucky  ....... 

2,147,174 

West  Virginia  ..... 

958.800 

Ohio  ....... 

4,157,545 

Michigan  ...... 

2,420,482 

T       1  * 

Indiana  ....... 

2, 316,462 

Illinois    .           .           .           .                   •  . 

4,821.550 

Wisconsin  ....... 

2,069.042 

Minnesota,  except  west  of  line  west  end  Hunters  Island- 

Cromwell-Waseca  ..... 

822,122 

Iowa,  except  west  Mason  City-State  Center- Albia-Moulton 

1,056,310 

Missouri,   east   line  Kirksville-Centralia-Greenville-Gayoso 

1,207,797 

56,834,672 

Total  population  of  United  States  76,149.386.    Canada  5.054,014.     Total  81.203,400 

NIAGARA  COUNTY 

Population  County  (Area  522  square  miles)  1890    62,491    1900  74,961 
Niagara  Falls  Township  1890    10,979    1900  20,523 

Niagara  Falls  City  1900    19,457  1905  27,000 


Population  within  700  miles  of  your  plant 

Number  Cities  25,000  or  over  within  700  miles  your  City.  Based  on  Census  1900. 
Conservative  Estimates  for  1910  favor 

7 


FACTORY  SITES. 


Few  plants,  even  though  carefully  planned  as  to  location  and  con- 
struction, are  able  to  secure  as  low  "costs  of  manufacture"  as  can 
newer  plants  with  more  convenient  surroundings  and  ample,  com- 
pact room. 

Have  you  lately  carefully  and  critically  examined  the  amounts  you 
have  paid  out  for  "roustabout1'  or  "handling"  labor,  and  the  cost  of 
"drayage"  made  necessary  in  plants  cut  up  by  streets  or  city  im- 
provements? 

Have  you  noticed  what  percentage  these  costs  are  of  total  cost; 
what  it  would  add  to  dividends  if  practically  all  saved,  and  the 
amount  on  which  it  would  pay  five  per  cent.? 

Do  you  pay  high  switching  charges  and  often  extra  costs  because 
of  delay  in  getting  cars  promptly?  Do  you  haul  long  distances  to  de- 
pots or  side-tracks?  Are  you  paying  extra  for  elevated  tracks  through 
increased  "handling"  expense  on  raw  and  finished  material? 

Have  the  data  presented  to  you.  Then  send  someone  here,  or 
better  still,  come  yourself  and  see  what  convenient  sites  you  can  get, 
with  switch  connections;  with  seven  independent  RAILWAY 
SYSTEMS;  with  minimum  drayage  expense  to  and  from  nearby 
depots;  with  ample  room,  permitting  more  economical  handling  of 
materials;  low  taxes;  good  sewerage;  ample  supply  of  water  at  moder- 
ate cost;  good  fire  protection,  no  danger  from  floods;  no  shut-down 
because  of  droughts,  extreme  heat  or  cold,  smoke,  nor  fogs;  easily 
reached  by  employees  who  can  live  nearby  or  reach  plant  with  "  two 
for  five  cents"  fare.  And  all  at  a  moderate  rental  for  site,  or  low  pur- 
chase price,  just  as  you  prefer. 

It  will  save  you  more  than  you  may  now  imagine  possible.  At 
least  come  and  get  posted  as  to  what  a  would-be  competitor  may  secure. 


8 


FACTORY  SITES. 


1903 

1904 

1905 

Your  tax  rate  .... 

Cost  of  site  and  land  improvements 

Selling  value  to-day  of  site. 

Profit  or  loss  .... 

Latter  item  is  5  per  cent,  of 

Switching  expense 

Freight  drayage  .... 

Yard  drayage  .... 

Amount   of  increase  in   above  through  delays 
caused  bycitv  improvements  and  congested 
room  at  depots  and  in  railroad  yards  . 

Roustabouts  or  handling  labor  number 

Roustabouts  or  handling  labor  wages 

If  had  more  convenient  plant,  would  save 

Latter  item  would  pay  5  per  cent,  on 

Amount  of  increased   profits  possible  through 
modern  and  more  convenient  plant 

Saving  in  insurance  on  modern  plant 

Saving  in  depreciation  on  modern  plant 

Total  savings  possible 

Total  savings  per  cent,  of  cost 

Total  savings  per  cent,  of  value  output 

Total  savings  per  cent,  on  investment 

Total  savings  5  per  cent,  of  

Total  savings  would  add  to  dividends 

9 


POWER. 

Many  manufacturers  are  not  correctly  advised  as  to  exact  cost  of 
the  power  they  use.  Often  all  the  data  submitted  to  them  is  cost  of 
fuel  and  part  wages  of  engineer  or  fireman,  when  the  following 
should  have  been  shown  to  him  : 

Investment  in  boilers,  engines,  condenser,  etc.,  line  shafting  and 
pulleys  and  belting  for  same,  and  the  interest  on  this  amount.  Also 
on  investment  in  boiler  and  engine  rooms. 

Then  compare  cost  as  it  averages  in  past  few  years.  Wage  paid 
for  overtime,  cost  of  work  cleaning  boilers  and  renewing  fire  brick, 
grates,  etc.,  cost  of  work  on  line  shafting,  pulleys,  belts,  etc.  Divide 
this  by  actual  horse  power  used,  not  total  "ready  to  use." 

As  to  fuel.  If  you  use  any  waste  material  from  plant,  charge  as 
cost,  the  amount  you  could  sell  it  for.  It  may  possibly  be  sold  for 
more  than  you  imagine. 

Add  the  extra  expenses  incurred  by  accidental  and  unexpected 
shut-downs  that  happen  in  even  the  best  of  plants  and  often  at  the 
most  inopportune  time.  If  caused  by  lack  of  power  to  run  the 
machinery,  power  account  should  be  charged  with  same. 

Then  cost  of  oils,  belts  and  all  supplies  used  on  power  plant  or 
transmission  to  the  machine  pulleys. 

If  you  use  or  plan  to  use  a  gas  engine  thoroughly  investigate  its 
maintenance  charges.  See  if  you,  like  the  Lackawanna  Steel  Com- 
pany, do  not  find  first  cost  and  more  especially  expense  to  maintain 
its  efficiency  more  costly  than  our  electric  power.  They  are  instal- 
ling electric  power  in  place  of  great  amount  of  gas  engine  power 
formerly  used. 

Then  compare  the  costs  so  found  with  advantages  of  our  elec- 
trical power,  and  its  cost  of  operating  and  lighting  your  plant. 

It  is  delivered  at  your  factory  and  the  turning  of  a  switch  con- 
trols it.    It  is  always  ready.  No  delay  in  getting  up  sufficient  steam. 

If  you  now  use  steam  power,  ask  your  electric  expert  as  to  how 
much  less  horse  power  you  would  use  if  equipped  for  and  using 
electrical  power.  The  great  Westinghouse  Electric  Company,  after 
thorough  tests,  found  that  using  electric  power  the  saving  was  32.5 
per  cent,  on  usual  ten-hour  service  basis  or  41.6  per  cent,  on  constant 
twenty-four  hour  service  basis.  Here  you  would  use  less  horse  pow- 
er to  produce  same  result. 

Then  our  power  is  continuous.  No  costly  delays  at  critical 
times. 

11 


POWER 

You  would  not  waste  any  space  in  plant.  You  could  arrange  ma- 
chinery without  regard  to  line  shafts  and  thus  get  greatest  possible  re- 
sults from  each  square  foot  of  floor  and  also  save  in  trucking  from 
one  machine  to  another.  Then  center  of  plant  will  be  better  lighted 
through  having  no  line  shaft,  belts,  pulleys,  etc. 

Here,  you  not  only  would  use  less  horse  power,  but  get  it  at  a  much 
less  rate.  It  is  never  affected  by  droughts,  floods,  nor  severest  win- 
try weather,  and  never  goes  on  a  strike.    Always  ready. 

In  the  last  Power  Plant  built,  each  generator  acts  independently, 
yet  can  be  quickly  connected  with  all  others.  Then  through  exper- 
ience gained  from  the  older  power  plants — appliances  and  methods 
have  been  invented  that  will  insure  constant  power,  regardless  of 
ice  conditions,  drought,  storms,  etc.  The  past  twelve  months  have 
proved  its  efficiency.  And  you  will  be  greatly  interested  in  seeing 
the  ingenious  methods  used.    Can  we  show  same  to  you? 

Using  Niagara  Power  will  make  it  necessary  for  you  to  add  to 
capacity  of  plant  in  order  to  meet  the  constantly  increased  demand 
for  your  output,  and  you  will  more  successfully  meet  all  attempted 
competition.    This  is  the  experience  of  all  plants  here. 

Inform  us  of  the  amount  of  horse  power  you  use  and  if  you  want 
on  ten-hour  or  twenty-four  hour  service  basis,  and  we  will  advise  rate 
here. 

This  you  can  compare  with  your  costs,  at  same  time  taking  into 
consideration  that  you  would  use  one-third  less  power  in  "electrical 
power"  than  "steam  power"  equipped  plant. 

Then  consider  that  our  cost  won't  advance  in  price  as  must 
power  produced  by  fuel  affected  by  strikes  or  growing  scarcity  of 
material.  Nor  is  it  affected  as  usual  river  water  power,  that  fluctu- 
ates in  quantity  according  to  seasons  of  the  year. 

And  you  can  use  more  than  one  shift  of  employees  if  desired. 


■ 

12 


POWER  COSTS 


1903  1904  1905 

Actual  h.  p.  used  not  including  unused  reserve 
power  .... 

Investment  in  boilers,  engine,  condenser,  etc., 
line  shafting,  pulleys,  main  belts,  etc.,  and 
building  for  same.  5  per  cent,  interest  on 
above  equals 

5  per  cent,  interest  on  investment  divided  by 
actual  amount  power  used  to  get  cost  per 
h.  p.  per  year  . 

Cost  of  repairs,  including  labor,  cleaning  boilers 
and  all  labor  on  power  equipment  and 
transmission  as  far  as  machine's  pullevs 

Cost  of  repairs  per  h.  p.  based  on  actual  amount 
used  .... 

Cost  of  water  used 

Cost  of  fuel  adding  value  of  factory  waste  used 

Fuel  and  water  cost  per  h.  p.  per  year  based  on 
the  actual  amount  h.  p.  used 

Extra  expenses  through  delays  by  unforeseen 
stoppages  of  power. 

Delay  expense  per  h.  p.  per  year  based  on  actual 
amount  h.  p.  used  . 

Cost  oils,  belting  and  all  supplies  for  boiler,  en- 
gine, line  shafting,  etc. 

Supplies  cost  per  h.  p.  per  year  based  on  actual 
amount  h.  p.  used  . 

Cost  labor  : 

Cost  labor  per  h.  p.  per  year  based  on  the  actual 
amount  h.  p.  used  . 

Cost,  storage  and  handling  boiler  refuse,  less 
funds  received  in  sale  of  same 

Value  of  floor  space  not  properly  used  through 
inability  to  place  machinery  as  desired  for 
convenience  and  economical  handling  of 
material  .... 

Cost  of  extra  labor  caused  by  such  inconveniences 

Value  room  lost,  because  darkened  by  line  shaft- 
ing, pulleys,  belting,  etc. 

Above  four  costs  figure  per  h.  p.  per  year  based 
on  actual  amount  per  h.  p.  used 

Total  cost  for  power  : 

Total  cost  per  h.  p.  per  year  based  on  actual  amount 
per  h.  p.  used 


13 


OUR  RAILWAYS 


SYSTEMS  LINES  FROM  HERE 

New  York  Central       ....        Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg 

West  Shore 

Lewiston-Toronto  Branch 
Lockport-Rochester  Branch 
Buffalo  &  Main  Line 
Michigan  Central  Main  Line 
Michigan  Central  Lake  Branch 

Lehigh  Valley      .....         Buffalo  &  Main  Line 

Erie     .......         Buffalo  &  Main  Line 

Grand  Trunk       .....         Main  Line 

Welland  Branch 

Wabash       ......         Main  Line 

Pere  Marquette   .....         Main  Line 

Niagara,  St.  Catharines  &  Toronto,  Main  Line 


RAILWAYS  WITH  THROUGH  TRAFFIC  RIGHTS 

N.  Y.,  Ontario  &  Western      over  R.  W.  &  O. 

Canadian  Pacific  "  Michigan  Central 

Toronto,  Hamilton  &  Buffalo     "  Michigan  Central 

Lackawanna  "  Wabash 

Lake  Shore  "  New  York  Central 

Nickel  Plate  "  New  York  Central 

Penna.  "  New  York  Central 

Buffalo.  Rochester  <Sc  Pittsburg  "  New  York  Central 


TERMINAL  RAILWAY 
Niagara  Junction  Railway,  13  miles 


TROLLEY  LINES 

International  Traction  Railway  350  miles 

*  Niagara,  St.  Catharines  &  Toronto  Ry.  15 
Niagara  Gorge  Railway  15 
*  Is  being  extended  to  Toronto  and  to  Welland,  over  100  miles  additional. 


WATER  ROUTES 
Via  Lewiston,  Toronto,  St.  Lawrence  River 

Via  Port  Dalhousie,  Thorold  or  Welland,  Welland  Canal  and  Great  Lakes 
Via  Niagara  River  and  Erie  Canal 
Via  Niagara  River  and  Great  Lakes 


15 


SHIPPING  FACILITIES 


Many  cities  have  numerous  railroad  lines  radiating  in  different 
directions,  but  as  they  are  all  controlled  by  one  or  two  railway 
systems,  there  is  practically  no  competition  in  either  rates  or  service. 

Boston,  with  three  systems,  is  practically  controlled  by  two. 
Southern  New  England  by  one,  while  Northern  New  England  by 
another.  Philadelphia,  apparently  having  three,  is  controlled  by 
one.    And  is  it  not  as  true  of  your  city? 

Here,  as  shown  on  previous  page,  we  now  have  seven  systems 
with  some  fourteen  lines  that  have  terminals  here,  and  with  eight 
other  lines  reaching  this  section  over  the  fourteen  shown.  Reached 
by  these  railways  are  docks  on  the  Niagara  River,  affording  water 
routes  east  via  the  Erie  Canal  or  in  combination  with  Welland  Canal, 
Lake  Ontario  and  St.  Lawrence  River,  and  west  via  Great  Lakes.  If 
like  some  cities  we  added  all  branches  of  these  routes,  we  could 
claim  many  times  as  many  shipping  routes. 

In  older  cities,  even  those  with  several  railway  systems,  the 
trouble  is  in  congested  yard  room  as  well  as  insufficient  tracks.  This 
is  hard  to  remedy  and  must  become  worse  as  your  city  increases  in 
population  and  demands  elimination  of  grade  crossings  and 
other  improvements.  Then  come  expensive  terminals  with  high 
switching  charges  and  at  best  annoying  delays  in  handling  freight,  as 
service  is  necessarily  limited  to  but  few  tracks.  It  is  not  the  fault  of 
the  railroad  that  you  are  delayed  in  getting  freight  in  and  out,  but 
simply  this:  no  one  foresaw  the  great  growth  of  your  city.  Thus 
congested  small  yards  and  "right  of  way"  with  adjoining  land  held 
at  high  prices.  All  this  means  extra  expense  to  you  for  drayage  to 
or  from  depots  or  side  tracks,  from  unavoidable  delays  in  handling 
shipments,  and  in  other  ways  often  caused  by  necessary  conveniences 
for  the  public. 

Here,  the  railroads,  foreseeing  such  troubles,  have  increased 
their  land  holdings.  Being  the  main  transfer  point  with  Canada,  each 
railway  had  secured  unusually  large  yards  and  trackage  lands.  With 
the  development  of  power,  these  were  largely  added  to,  but  the  past 
year  they  have  bought  enough  more  to  serve  cities  twenty  times  as 
large  and  have  planned  to  build  a  belt  line  around  the  city. 
Thus,  even  with  exceptional  growth  we  will  still  have  the  most  con- 
venient and  ample  yard  and  track  room  of  any  city  on  the  continent, 
and  will  easily  and  quickly  serve  all  the  many  industries  that  will 
locate  here. 


16 


Compare  this  with  all  the  inconveniences  and  delays  you  now 
have  and  which  must  increase  in  succeeding  years  at  present  location. 
Ask  your  clerk  to  estimate  the  amount  you  would  save  if  you  had 
convenient  and  ample  depots,  freight  yards,  switches,  side  tracks, 
etc.  Then  upon  what  sum  would  it  pay  five  per  cent,  annually. 
And  what  per  cent,  it  would  add  to  your  dividends.  Then  come 
here  to  see  what  you  can  get  at  this  CENTRAL  location. 

1903  1904  1905  . 

Drayage  expense  .... 
Switching  expense 

Proportion  of  above  caused  by  delays  at  con- 
gested depots  or  tracks,  etc.  . 

Latter  item  is  5  per  cent,  of 

Amount  that  could  have  been  saved  had  you  had 
Niagara  Falls  rates 

Latter  item  is  5  per  cent,  of 

If  possible,  estimate  the  saving  in  time  for  freight 
to  reach  customer 

AS  TO  FREIGHT  RATES 

Being  at  the  terminal  of  both  the  Erie  Canal  and  Great  Lake 
Routes,  as  well  as  transfer  point  for  several  railway  systems  with  those 
of  Canada,  our  rates  are,  and  always  will  be,  lower  on  the  average 
to  the  majority  of  the  population  of  both  countries.  While  many 
other  cities  find  shipping  advantages  once  possessed  are  being  sur- 
passed by  newer  cities,  nothing  can  remove  our  advantages  so  long 
as  the  waters  of  the  Great  Lakes  flow  down  the  Niagara  and  St. 
Lawrence  River  route. 

The  new  Erie  1000  Ton  Barge  Canal  will  allow  boats  to  come 
direct  to  docks  here  and  it  has  been  proved  that  though  it  now  costs 
87  cents  per  ton  to  bring  freight  from  New  York  City  it  will  on  com- 
pletion of  the  new  canal,  cost  only  26  cents  per  ton. 

Note  the  freight  rates  named  on  following  pages.  We  quote  the 
LOCAL  all-rail  class  rates,  because  they  are  not  as  often  changed  as 
rates  via  water  routes,  or  "through"  and  "commodity"  rates.  If  you 
use  latter,  you  can  depend  upon  securing  same  percentage  lower 
here  as  your  present  rate  is  lower  than  the  LOCAL  rates  from  or  to 
your  city. 

If  you  will  inform  us  of  the  materials  that  you  would  receive  or 
ship  and  from  or  to  what  cities,  we  will  send  to  you  the  freight  rates 
to  or  from  here. 


17 


In  the  meantime  compare  your  present  LOCAL  All-Rail  freight 
rates  with  ours,  and  then  have  a  clerk  prepare  a  statement  showing 
amount  you  would  have  saved  in  past  three  years  had  you  had  our 
rates.    Then  on  what  amount  would  the  savings  pay  five  per  cent. 

Whether  you  or  the  customer  pay  the  freight,  the  "goods" 
must  stand  the  cost  and  you  want  all  the  advantages,  not  leave  them 
to  attempted  competition. 


LOCAL  ALL-RAIL  FREIGHT  RATES  TO  NIAGARA  FALLS 

Hard  Coal     -  $1.15  to  $2.00  gross  ton 

Soft  Coal      -  -  -  1.25  to    1 .40  net  ton 

Coke  -  -  -  1.40  to    2.10   "  " 

Cotton,  Alabama  and  Mississippi      -  .59/4  to  .63  cwt. 

Hides  (green  salted  C.  L.)  from  Kansas  City  .36  cwt. 

Chicago      -  .18 

Pig  Iron,  C.  L. 

Buffalo  Section    -  -  AO  gross  ton 

Youngstown,  O.  -  -  1.40 

Pittsburgh,  Pa.  "       -  -  1.65     "  " 

Birmingham,  Ala.  -  -  4.40 

St.  Ignace,  Mich.  -  -  3.10 

Bar  Iron  or  Steel,  C.  L. 

Buffalo  Section  -  -  -  .03  cwt. 

Youngstown  -  -  -  .09 

Pittsburgh  -  -  -  .10 

Leather  from  Chicago  or  Milwaukee-  -  .21  cwt. 

Lumber,  C.  L. 

From  Wheeling  or  Cincinnati       -  -  .10  cwt. 

Louisville  or  Indianapolis     -  -  .14 

Chattanooga   -        -  -  -  .20 

Penna.  Points          -  -     1.75  to  2.25  net  ton 

"     New  York  Harbor  lighterage  included 

Mahogany  16c  other  lumber       -  .12  cwt. 

"    Michigan  Mills       -  -  -      .10-.16  " 

Alabama  and  Mississippi  Points  .22j4-.33 
Canadian  Mills,  Peterboro  to  Colling- 

wood,  incl.  -  -  .10 

Raw  Silk  from  Seattle  or  Vancouver  -  3.50 

Japan           ...  6.00 

Wool,  C.  L. 

From  Santa  Rosa,  N.  Mexico    -  -  1.69 

Helena,  Montana  -           -  -  1.72 

Great  Falls,  Mont.,  in  grease  baled  1.47 

in  sacks  -  1.62 

If  will  advise  as  to  originating  point  for  any  commodity,  will 
quote  rates  on  same  to  Niagara  Falls. 

Crude  oil  can  come  from  wells  one  hundred  miles  distant. 


18 


LOCAL  ALL-RAIL  FREIGHT  RATES 


CLASSES 

Portland,  Me..  Burlington,  Vt.,  ) 
Boston,  Providence,  Hart- 

1st 

2nd 

3rd 

4th 

5th 

6th 

44 

38 

30+ 

2H 

18i 

15 

[         1      XT              T  T  1 

ford,  >ew  Haven,  etc.  } 

rsew  xork,  1  renton,  Philadelphia.  ' 
Dditirnorc,      UK,csu<irrc,  triL.  j 

39 

33 

28 

19 

16 

13 

JA 1 U  a  1 1  \  Or   X  TO\  ,   1^1  .    I  . 

o-t 

98 

9*? 

1fU 

J.U  2 

101 

XO  2 

10* 

9S 

9ft 

xo 

19 

1ft 

XO 

a 

*\.ociicstcr,  -N .   i  . 

i  r, 

1  9 

1ft 

s 

o 

/ 

O 

Pittcni  irirn       P  o 
1  iLlbDUrgll ,  Id.. 

or 

JO 

?ft 

22 

14+ 

11  + 

XX  2 

10 

X  \J 

I       pi'p   n  n  j  1       I  1 
V_  iC\  CUillU  .    V_/ . 

— '  s 

94 

9ft 

13 

1ft 

XO 

8  V 

KJ  2 

x  oicuo,  v_y .  or  x-/ciroiit 

^fi 

ou 

OX 

9"? 

XO 

13 

XO 

10 

v^inLinrictLi,  w.  or  xviciirnoriu,  inc. 

49 

ou 

07 
_  / 

181 

XO  2 

1  SI 

XO  2 

13 

XO 

i^ouibv  inc.  rv\  .  or  i  crrc  nauic,  xnu 

3ft 

21 

18 

XO 

1  s 

1  nniononA he     Inn     i~\ r  Sacrinavr  vlirn 

XI 1L1  1*11  l«l^>  Ul  13  ,    XUU.    XJL    Jd^llldW  ,  .VX11.1I 

J.J. 

37+ 

9«1 
— o  •> 

IQi 

X*7  2 

17 

14 

Grand  Rapids.  Mich. 

41i 

*27l 
O  /  ^ 

9«1 

1<H 

XC/  2 

17 

X  / 

11 

X  X 

Chicago.  111.,  Milwaukee  or  Racine, 

45 

OO 

Ou 

21 

—  X 

18 

XO 

Peoria.  111.  (Wis.) 

51 

11  L 

0 1 

94 

991 

—  —  2 

1 7 

X  / 

East  St.  Louis,  111. 

55+ 

■±Oj 

o  / 

9fi 

994. 

18+ 

X  2 

Dubuque  or  Burlington.  Ia. 

69 

Of)  I 
OO  2 

47a 

* '  2 

33+ 

98+ 

90,1 

St. Paul,  Minneapolis  or  Duluth,  Minn.  95 

/  O 

RO 

49 

361 

OO  1 

9Qi 

— *^  2 

Missouri  River,  Common  Points 

1.15+ 

OO  j 

79 

/  — 

S3 

OO 

44x 

•±-±  j 

43 

t:0 

Denver.  Cheyenne  or  Pueblo,  Col. 

2.40+ 

X  .OO* 

1  S9 

-L     .  «  

1  18 

X  .  XO 

04+ 

Helena  or  Butte,  Mont. 

3.45 

9  Q_t 

9  Or 
—  .oo 

1  Q9 

1  61 1 

X.OX  2 

1  441 

X .  ttt:  2 

Pacific  Coast  Terminals 

3.00 

9  fiA 

9  9A 

_  .  _ 

1  90 

X  .  %J\J 

1  6S 

X  .00 

Richmond  or  Lynchburg,  Va. 

59 

^0 

OO 

11 

^  J. 

98 

24 

IQ 

XO 

Savannah,  Charleston  or  Jacksonville, 

95 

Ov 

7ft 

OO 

46 

^O 

Birmingham,  Ala.  (Fla.) 

1.24 

1  OR 

X  .OO 

oo 

68 

OO 

^0 

Mobile,  Ala.  or  New  Orleans.  La. 

1.16 

OO 

7Q 

61 

OX 

^0 

t:0 

Chattanooga.  Tenn. 

1.18 

1  01 

84 

00  2 

OO  2 

43 

^O 

Memphis.  Tenn. 

91 

59 

46" 

00 

OO 

Halifax,  N.  S.  or  St.  John.  N.  B. 

64 

56 

I  1 

4b* 

or  1 

30+ 

25 

Quebec,  Que. 

58 

o0 

40+ 

29+ 

0 1 1 

OA 

20 

Montreal,  Que.  or  Ottawa.  Ont. 

44 

38 

30+ 

21+ 

18+ 

15 

Toronto,  Ont. 

30 

26 

20 

15 

12 

10 

London.  Ont. 

30 

26 

20 

15 

11 

9 

c    i   c      ■»  r    ■            i  All-Rail 
bault  bte.  Mane.  Ont.    n    i  i  i 

i  Kail-Lake 

79+ 
57 

66  X 
51 

49+ 
45 

33 
63 

28* 
29 

25 
25 

.  (All-Rail 
Winnipeg,  Man.         (  Ra;i.Lake 

1.79 
1.39 

1.52 
1.19 

1.20 
98 

87 
76 

75 
65 

64 
59 

r  i          n                 5  All-Rail 
Calgarv,  Al.                 4  D    i  T  i 
&   -                         I  Rail-Lake 

3.37 
2.97 

2.83 
2.50 

2.25 
2.03 

1.65 
1.54 

1.46 
1.36 

1.31 
1.26 

t>  r-          1  All-Rail 
V  ancouver.  a.  U.            r>    i  t  u 

i  Kail-Lake 

3.05 
2.80 

2.65 
2.43 

2.25 
2.05 

1.95 
1.78 

1.70 
1.55 

If  you  wish  to  know  freight  rates  to  any  special  point  will  send  same  immediately  upon 
request. 


19 


SELLING  ADVANTAGES 


Even  though  the  trade  and  a  great  proportion  of  the  users  of 
your  product  know  its  merits,  yet  you  have  not  so  far  reached  the 
maximum  you  desire.  You  advertise  because  there  are  many  whom 
you  want  to  secure  as  customers.  In  the  early  days  when  a  man 
manufactured  something,  he  went  out  and  sold  it  in  his  town  and  if 
he  could  not  find  enough  trade  in  his  town,  he  went  to  other  towns 
and  then  when  the  trade,  learning  of  the  quality  of  his  product,  grew 
greater  than  he  could  handle  himself,  he  hired  salesmen,  and  they 
"advertised"  him,  that  is,  educated  the  trade  to  the  quality  of  his 
product.  Now,  this  old  method,  while  still  successful  and  neces- 
sary is  after  all  limited.  "You  want  the  consumption  increased." 
Even  if  you  control  all  the  output  of  your  class  of  product,  you  want 
some  form  of  publicity  to  increase  the  demand  for  same.  Is  not  a 
man  who  is  satisfied  with  his  conditions  afflicted  with  the  disease  "ar- 
rested development"?  And  can  there  be  a  better  way  of  business 
promotion  than  investing  in  a  method  that  "permanently  grows"? 
If,  when  in  1680,  Hennepin  advertised  Niagara  Falls  in  France  so 
that  many  of  his  countrymen  flocked  to  this  country,  they  had 
"stuck",  what  enormous  possibilities  would  have  been  theirs  and 
their  descendants!  And  to-day,  if  you  located  here,  what  enormous 
gains  you  would  secure!  You  would  still  use  salesmen,  trade  papers, 
newspapers  or  magazines,  but  you  would  find  greater  gains,  through 
those  consumers  of  all  classes,  who  should  invest  in  your  product, 
and  who  coming  here  from  all  over  the  globe  want  to  also  see  what 
is  made  by  the  famous  power  of  world-known  Niagara. 

Heretofore  the  finished  article*  and  your  old  successful  methods 
of  winning  the  users  brought  the  trade.  But  competition  came,  and 
admit  it  or  not,  it  is  growing.  And  many  customers  you  should  have, 
use  the  "other  make".  Now  why  not  "see  him  and  go  one  better"? 
Show  the  user  how  you  make  your  article. 

You  may  think  you  can  do  this  at  your  present  plant.  But  how 
many  from  other  cities  and  countries  can  you  thus  reach?  It  is  not 
the  local  population,  it  is  not  the  local  passengers  into  your  depots 
or  wharves,  it  is  how  many  can  you  get  to  come  to  your  plant  so  that 
they  will  not  only  tell  their  countless  friends  about  it,  but  better  still 
demand  your  product  from  the  trade  or  order  direct  as  you  may  prefer. 

Here,  over  1,000,000  are  registered  in  a  year  True,  many  are 
bridal  couples,  but  that  makes  them  the  better  purchasers  and  adver- 
tisers or   "educators".    They  and  the   merchant,  manufacturer, 

21 


SELLING  ADVANTAGES 

farmer,  professional  man,  capitalist  or  scientist,  ask  and  try  to  see  all 
they  can  of  what  is  manufactured  by  Niagara's  incomparable  power 
and  how  "it"  is  made. 

One  plant  that  was  moved  here  from  Worcester,  Mass.,  had  over 
125,000  visitors  last  year.  Though  it  opened  its  plant  to  "visitors"  in 
that  widely  known  city  and  demonstrated  with  a  sample  machine  in 
a  Broadway  store  in  New  York  City,  yet  it  was  only  after  moving  in- 
to its  plant  in  Niagara  Falls,  a  city  but  one-sixth  as  large  as  Worces- 
ter, that  the  jobbers  have  been  compelled  to  handle  it,  to  meet  the 
demand  that  is  now  enormous  compared  with  what  it  was  at  the  old 
location.  And  this  demand  comes  from  all  countries  and  has  com- 
pelled the  erection  of  a  new  plant  on  the  Canadian  side. 

If  your  plants  were  located  here,  on  either  or  both  sides  of  the 
Niagara,  or  you  had  only  branch  plants  here  and  you  opened  a  part 
of  them  to  "visitors"  you  would  find  your  trade  rapidly  increasing 
all  over  the  world. 

Seeing  the  quality  of  material  used  and  the  care  in  construction, 
has  a  permanent  educational  value.  Visitors  would  tell  their  friends 
and  when  they  can  or  should  use  the  articles,  such  as  you  make,  and 
even  if  they  can  use  but  one  in  a  lifetime,  it  is  your  make  only  that 
they  would  buy.  You  would  not  have  to  "shade"  price  for  they 
could  not  be  easily  induced  to  buy  the  one  claimed  to  be  "just  as 
good",  but  made  in  a  plant  they  never  have  visited  nor  are  likely  to, 
even  if  located  nearer  their  home. 

Thus,  here  you  would  secure  not  only  the  benefit  of  the  name  of 
Niagara  Falls,  so  universally  kncjwn  in  all  countries,  but  also  secure 
the  benefit  of  the  best  educational  advertising;  a  practical  demonstra- 
tion in  your  plant,  whose  permanent  value  will  reduce  your  percentage 
"cost  to  sell"  as  your  trade  increases  and  far  exceeds  that  of  all  pos- 
sible competition. 

And  the  benefit  comes  from  all  countries.  Every  foreigner  of 
even  moderate  means  comes  here  when  visiting  North  America. 

If  you  want  to'  i.  crease  the  demand  for  your  production,  locate 
here.  Consider  what  even  five  visitors  per  day,  going  through  even 
only  a  part  of  your  plant  would  add  to  your  trade  as  they  talk  of  what 
they  saw  and  then  purchase  from  you  or  the  dealer  handling  your 
product. 

It  is  the  combination  of  the  law  of  suggestion  with  the  law  of 
perception. 


22 


SELLING  ADVANTAGES 


1903 

1904 

Cost  of  selling  - 

Percentage  cost  - 

Cost  of  advertising,  all  kinds 

Percentage  cost  -           -           -  - 

If  had  five  daily  or  1,500  annual  visitors  talking 
up  your  merits  and  it  added  3,000  users  each 
year,  it  would  add  sales  valued  at  - 

And  reduce  percentage  cost  to  - 

CANADIAN  TRADE 


Many  consider  the  trade  of  that  country  "  too  small  to  bother 
about  at  present".  Many  consider  only  the  meagre  data  as  to 
what  Canada  now  buys  in  the  States.  Some  consider  that  it  will  be 
but  a  short  time  until  reciprocity  or  "more"  binds  that  country  to 
the  States.    Many  consider  it  a  "crude"  country. 

If  one  were  to  now  make  a  trip  from  its  great  Steel  Works  at 
Sydney  near  the  coal  field  of  Cape  Breton,  westward  through  its  vast 
forests  of  OUR  future  timber  supplies;  examine  its  asbestos,  nickel, 
mica  and  iron  mines,  whose  product  the  States  need  as  much  as 
Europe  does;  see  its  vast  grain  fields  of  the  Northwest,  on  which  the 
millers  of  United  States  have  already  had  to  draw  to  keep  their  output 
up  to  demand;  see  the  thousands  of  homes  built  by  former  United 
States  citizens,  as  well  as  the  plants  in  which  are  invested  over  $200, 
000,000  of  United  States  capital;  and  then  notice  the  development  of 
the  towns  and  cities,  their  modern  stores  with  latest  designs  of  the 
best  articles  made,  and  the  interior  of  the  homes  of  the  citizens — he 
would  be  astounded  at 

FIRST — The  extent  of  its  vast  resources. 
Second — The  increase  in  population. 
Third — The  increase  in  wealth  per  capita. 
FOURTH — Low  average  of  failures. 

FIFTH — The  increasing  demand  for  highest  quality  of  supplies. 
SIXTH — The  excellence  of  the  reports  from  SOUND  banks. 
SEVENTH — Rapid  advancement  of  former  United  States  citizens 
locating  over  there. 

EIGHTH — Greater  wealth  of  as  well  as  better  class  of  emigrants. 
NlNTH — The  immense  development  of  the  natural  manufac- 
turing resources  though  still  in  its  infancy. 

TENTH— The  intense  patriotism  that,  educated  by  the  United 
States,  now  insists  on  higher  duties  on  all  articles  that  can 
be  made  there,  and  says  "no  reciprocity  with  any  country 
on  such  articles,"  and  so  universally  uses  the  stamp  shown 
herewith. 

And  he  would  see  why  so  many  United  States  manufacturers  are 
following  the  example  of  the  "early  bird"  by  locating  branch  plants 
in  that  country,  to  protect  their  inventions  and  secure  a  fair  share  of 
the  nearby  and  rapidly  increasing  trade  of  our  best  export  market. 

Canada  buys  more  machinery  and  metals  from  the  United  States 
than  any  other  single  country  in  the  world. 

25 


CANADIAN  TRADE 


Canada  is  also  American,  and  it  is  but  natural  that  like  ourselves, 

she  should  try  to  develop  her  own  resources. 

"A  new  nation  is  being  born  under  our  very  face  and  eyes.  Things  are 
shaping  faster  in  Canada  than  most  of  us  here  in  the  United  States  realize ; 
indeed,  faster  than  Canada  herself  realizes.  The  Northwest  of  Canada  is 
rapidly  filling  up  with  new  life  from  our  own  Northwest.  Farmers  in  Iowa, 
Kansas,  Nebraska,  Minnesota  and  the  Dakotas  are  selling  their  farms  and  are 
moving,  with  their  families,  up  into  this  great  harvest  field,  and  are  receiving 

a  mOSt  generOUS  Welcome".  I  Philadelphia  Saturday  Evening  Post.) 

The  New  York  Sun  under  heading  "CANADA  IS  FORGING 
AHEAD"  says  that  country  "has  outstripped  the  rest  of  the  world 
in  the  rate  of  export  trade  increase  during  the  past  ten  years". 

And  note  the  frequent  reports  of  our  United  States  Consuls. 
Not  only  those  in  Canada,  but  in  South  Africa,  New  Zealand,  Aus- 
tralia, The  Indies,  and  even  from  Buenos  Ayres,  Argentine,  comes 
the  statement  that  the  Canadians  are  getting  greater  proportion  of 
trade  in  certain  lines. 

The  New  York  Herald  tells  of  Steamer  Manitoba  arriving  at  St. 
Johns,  N.  B.,  from  Liverpool  in  the  early  spring  of  1904,  with  1964 
English  immigrants  in  charge  of  Rev.  J.  M.  Barr  of  London  and  adds, 
"They  are  all  in  good  circumstances  and  are  coming  to  Canada  well 
furnished  with  money,  each  family  having  an  average  of  ^500. 

Have  you  secured  your  share  of  the  trade  of  Canada  and  is  it  increasing? 
Or  are  you  like  a  certain  United  States  manufacturer  not  posted  as 
to  volume  of  trade  over  there?  He  was  decidedly  surprised  when 
investigating  the  advisability  of  locating  a  branch  plant  in  that  coun- 
try to  be  offered  by  a  Canadian  competitor  $18,000.00  if  he  would 
stay  out  of  Canada.  The  United  States  manufacturer  at  once  saw  de- 
cided reasons  why  he  should,  without  delay,  start  a  Canadian 
plant.  Especially  when  he  found  that  both  the  Canadian  Conserva- 
tives and  Liberals  want  higher  tariff  on  manufactured  goods  and  only 
differ  as  to  whether  it  should  be  a  specific  or  ad  valorem  duty.  It 
was  the  Liberal  Party  that  passed  the  Anti-Dumping  Law  aimed  at 
the  United  States;  the  Surtax  Act  aimed  at  Germany;  and  named  the 
present  Tariff  Commission,  whose  object  is  "higher  duties  to  protect 
Canadian  industries  and  workmen". 

Then  consider  the  advantages  Canada  has  in  her  Reciprocity 
Treaties.  The  United  States  manufactured  article  pays  from  25 
per  cent,  to  50  per  cent,  more  than  charged  on  Canadian  article  into 
South  Africa  or  New  Zealand.  She  has  also  Reciprocity  Treaty  with 
France,  is  figuring  on  one  with  Australia,  has  advantages  into  the 


2G 


CANADIAN  TRADE 

Indies  and  Mexico.  And  the  Anglo-Japanese  Treaty  is  to  apply  to 
Canada. 

Are  you  getting  your  share  of  these  foreign  advantages  lying  so 
near  you?  If  not,  then  consider  them  together  with  the  special  ad- 
vantages of  locating  here. 

If  you  plan  only  for  a  Canadian  branch  plant,  note  that  power, 
lights  and  fuel  cost  much  less  than  at  any  other  central  Canadian  town. 
Here  is  natural  gas  in  abundance  and  it  is  the  great  entry  port  for  coal 
and  coke.  All  raw  materials  nearby  with  minimum  freight  rates  on 
same.  Five  railroads  as  compared  with  the  usual  two  at  other  towns 
in  Canada.  Lower  freight  rates,  as  you  will  find  on  comparison. 
Location  will  always  be  central,  no  matter  how  much  the  population 
increases.  And  always  the  great  transfer  point  between  the  two 
countries. 

Then,  if  you  located  plants  on  each  side  of  the  Niagara,  the  same 
superintendence  or  factory  management  and  office  force  could  oper- 
ate both  plants,  keeping  fixed  operating  expenses  at  the  minimum. 
You  would  also  save  in  cost  of  master  patterns  as  well  as  in  many 
other  ways,  through  close  proximity  of  plants,  though  each  in  a  dif- 
ferent country  with  Protective  Tariffs. 

And  you  should  protect  your  inventions  in  Canada  and  also  get 
more  of  the  trade  over  there,  instead  of  leaving  it  to  possible  com- 
petitors. 

If  you  want  to  know  the  importations  of  certain  classes  of  manu- 
factured goods  into  Canada,  inform  us  as  to  your  wish  and  we  will  quote 
same,  for  past  three  or  four  years  as  reported  in  the  Official  Blue 
Books. 

It  may  surprise  you,  as  it  has  others,  and  you  should  have  the 

data. 


1903 

1904 

1905 

Your  Canadian  Trade  ... 

Net  Profits         ...  - 

Canadian  Importations  - 

Duty  on  Same    -           -           -  - 

Note  that  "Importations1'  do  not  give  total  volume  of  trade 
in  Canada.  No  official  record  is  published  of  the  amount  of  each 
class  of  manufactured  articles  made  in  Canadian  Dominion  each  year. 


27 


MISCELLANEOUS 


TAXES. 

Is  your  Tax  Rate  a  burden?  Here  it  ranges  from  $15.00  to 
$20.00  per  $1,000  on  about  40  to  50  per  cent,  valuation  in  the 
City  on  United  States  side  ;  $12.00  in  the  Canadian  City  and  from 
$5  to  $6  on  one-third  valuation  on  desirable  sites  adjoining  City  that 
are  reached  by  trolleys,  railroads  and  power  transmission  lines. 

With  good  fire  protection,  insurance  rates  are  low.  Have  not 
had  a  disastrous  fire  in  many  years. 

WATER. 

Ample  supply  of  water  and  at  fair  rates.  The  Niagara  River 
water  is  successfully  used  by  the  four  paper  mills,  as  well  as  other 
plants.  Artesian  wells  about  110  feet  deep  will  furnish  a  pure,  though 
slightly  "hard"  water  in  any  quantity  needed.  Latter  costs  about 
$50.00  a  year  for  100,000  to  250,000  gallons  daily. 

LABOR. 

Our  labor  is  an  intelligent  class  who  want  steady  work  rather 
than  high  wages  with  uncertain  employment.  And  having  advan- 
tages in  moderate  cost  of  rents,  fuel,  foods,  etc.,  with  the  usual  costs 
for  clothing,  etc.,  labor,  both  male  and  female,  come  here  as  fast  as 
they  hear  of  new  plants.  As  they  find  here  more  natural  attractions 
than  in  cities  much  larger,  they  become  at  once  contented  with  sur- 
roundings and  the  greater  net  earnings.  Then  with  "homes"  not 
"tenement  flats",  the  saloon  and  "agitator"  do  not  gain  the  great 
control  usual  in  most  manufacturing  cities.  Houses  can  be  rented 
at  from  $8.00  a  month  up. 

The  contented,  home-loving,  comfortable  workman  at  fair  wages 
produces  more  at  a  less  percentage  cost  per  unit. 

Of  our  many  factories,  none  have  suffered  from  scarcity  of  labor, 
of  either  the  experienced  or  ordinary  class. 

The  solidity  of  our  industries ;  freedom  from  troublesome  strikes ; 
exceedingly  small  number  of  failures,  and  the  good  credit  of  our 
business  men,  proves  this  to  be  the  true  location  for  manufacturers. 
Our  banks,  with  their  connections  are  both  reliable  and  capable  of 
taking  care  of  the  banking  needs  of  manufacturers. 

The  fact  that  the  largest  manufacturers  of  heavy  castings  are  less 
than  15  miles  from  here,  and  that  it  has  been  proved  that  the  cost  of 
making  iron  in  the  Niagara  Frontier  is  65  cents  per  ton  less  than  the 
actual  cost  in  the  Pittsburg  section,  will  give  an  idea  of  our  advan- 
tages in  at  least  one  line  of  manufacturing,  and  it  can  be  shown  as 
well  in  other  lines. 


28 


MISCELLANEOUS 

Ten  Schools  and  two  being  built,  Niagara,  Falls,  N.  Y. 
Four  Schools,  Niagara  Falls,  Ontario. 
Twenty-six  Churches,  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y. 
Seven  Churches,  Niagara  Falls,  Ont. 

Custom  Receipts,  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y.,  vear  ending,  June  30th, 
'06,  $377,701.97 

Value  Exports,  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y.,  vear  ending,  June  30th, 
'06,  Domestic  Products,  $12,240,486.00,  Foreign  Products,  $1,955, 
459.00. 

Ninety-three  Mails  in  and  out  of  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y.  each 
twentv-four  hours. 

Five  Banks  and  Trust  Cos.,  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y. 
Two  in  Niagara  Falls,  Ont. 

Two  Endowed  Colleges  and  two  Endowed  Hospitals. 
Three  million  dollar  Park  on  N.  Y.  Side,  two  larger  ones  on 
Canadian  Side. 

Also  the  incomparable  Niagara  Falls  and  Gorge. 


1903 


1904 


1905 


Your  tax  rate  - 

Your  insurance  rate 

Number  factory  fires  in  your  city 

Amount  of  water  used  by  you 

Cost  of  same  - 

Labor  wages  


Amounts  in  favor  of  Niagara  Falls 
Tax  Rate  ... 
Insurance  rate  - 
Cost  water 

Labor  


29 


RECAPITULATION 


Niagara  Falls 


Your  City 


In  Favor  Of 


Population  within  700  miles 


56,834,672 


Number  cities  25,000  or  more  population  within 


Avoidable  yard  drayage  and  roustabout  expense 

Amount  of  extra  "depreciation"  because  of  in- 
convenient surroundings 

Modern  plant  would  cost 

Modern  plant  annual  saving  in  manufacturing 
cost  - 

Modern  plant  annual  saving  in  "depreciation" 
account       -  -     —  - 

Cost  of  power  based  on  actual  amount  used 

Drayage  on  in  or  out  freight 

Switching  expenses  ... 

Possible  saving  in  freight  expense 

Time  in  getting  freight  - 

Time    in   reaching  majority   of  customers  by 

freight  - 
Cost  of  selling  aside  from  advertising. 
Cost  of  advertising  - 

Probable  value  of  advertising  if  at  Niagara  Falls 

Probable  reduction  in  percentage  "cost  to  sell" 

Your  Canadian  trade 

Canadian  importations  only 

Probable  trade  if  saved  duty  of  per  cent,  and 
cost  manufacture  no  greater.  At  present 
will  not  consider  the  savings  in  freight 

Tax  rate.  .... 

Insurance  rate  - 

Water  rate  - 

Average  labor  wage  ... 
Total  Possible  Savings  - 


700  miles  - 


132 


5  per  cent,  of 


will  add  to  dividends 


30 


CONCLUSION 


It  is  said  that  "Business  decadence  invariably  dates  from  the 
time  the  department  manager  is  'satisfied  with  present  methods'". 

You  are  too  wise  to  permit  this  or  even  allow  a  "would-be" 
competitor  to  secure  advantages  that  will  give  them  the  lower  costs 
of  manufacture  and  delivery  with  the  greater  demand  for  their 
product  that  will  mean  lower  percentage  "cost  to  sell". 

"I  came  to  Niagara  Falls  not  attracted  by  its  old  name  as  a  resort  for 
bridal  couples  and  ordinary  tourists,  but  because  of  its  great  possibilities.  I 
found  Niagara  Falls  possesses  more  natural  advantages  than  any  other  city  I 
know  of.  Niagara  is  a  water  mine  compared  with  which  most  gold  mines  are 
toys,  and  as  far  as  we  can  see,  as  fast  as  you  use  the  water  mine  wealth  it  is 
restored,  equal  in  volume  to  the  minute  you  began  using  it.  Where  in  all 
Creation  is  there  anything  that  will  adequately  express  what  Niagara  is  as  a 
natural  wonder ;  where  in  all  Creation  is  there  any  natural  power  for  which 
you  can  find  words  to  fittingly  express  its  ability  to  create  wealth  for  everyone 
who  has  brains  enough  and  ability  enough  to  seize  the  opportunity. 

Its  central  location  and  its  ability  as  the  greatest  power  developer  in  the 
world,  easily  estimated  to  exceed  1,100,000  horse-power  in  existing  franchises 
from  the  Falls  alone,  which,  for  easy  comparison,  is  nearly  twice  the  total 
stationary  engine  horse-power  in  use  in  the  State  of  New  York  as  estimated  in 
the  year  1900,  so  located  that  one  can  manufacture  both  in  Canada  and  in 
the  United  States,  a  city  visited  by  millions  from  all  over  the  world,  the  city 
with  the  greatest  possible  advantages  for  economical  manufacturing." 

If  you  will  inform  us  as  to  any  special  or  detail  information  you 
wish,  we  will  promptly  send  it.  Or  send  a  representative,  and  we 
will  SHOW  what  we  can  offer.  And  all  communications  will  be 
considered  confidential. 

An  old  saying  that  is  still  true  is  "A  stitch  in  time,  etc". 


.  iddress 


Niagara  Falls,  N.Y. 


U.S.A. 


32 


If  you  will  kindly  send  me  the  information  as  requested  below, 
will  advise  you  as  to  what  we  can  offer  to  you. 

Character  of  business   _ 

Is  it  detrimental  to  adjacent  property  ?  How  much  land  required  and  what 

shape  desired  ?  Do  you  require  buildings  already  erect- 
ed, or  prefer  to  build  to  suit  your  special  needs,  so  as  to  secure  greatest  economy  in 
manufacturing  costs? 

Advise  kind,  dimensions,  number  of  stories  and  description  of  buildings  

What  amount  of  water  needed  daily?  Will  you  use  "sprinkler 

system"?  Value  of  buildings  Value  of  equipment 

 Do  you  want  R.  R.  siding,  and  what  length  ?  

 Is  a  water  front  necessary  or  advisable  ?  

What  kind  of  material  inbound  and  where  from  ?  

What  kind  of  material  outbound  and  if  in  C.  L.  or  small  shipments  ?  

Where  will  bulk  of  shipments  go  ?  

What  amount  of  steam  is  needed  and  for  what  uses  aside  from  heating  ?  

 How  much  h.  p.  needed  and  if  based  on  steam,  gas  or  water 

power,  advise  which  ?  Does  the  above  include  for  lights  ? 

If  not,  can  you  advise  as  to  probable  amount  needed  for  the  latter?  

Do  you  want  gas  ?     If  so,  kindly  advise  how  much  and  for  what  uses  

 Class  of  labor  needed  and  wages  would  pay   

Can  you  use  three  shifts  eight  hours  each,  or  only  two,  or  only  one,  and  how  many 

hours  daily  ?  

Would  you  buy  or  prefer  to  lease  ?  If  latter,  how  long  term 

wanted,  and  if  possible  advise  maximum  rental  you  would  pay  

Do  you  want  Canadian  trade  ?  Do  you  care  for  export  trade  to  South 

Africa,  New  Zealand,  France,  The  Indies?  What  is  daily  amount  and  kind 

of  waste  material  ?  When  do  you  want  to  locate  ? 

Acreage  present  plant  

H.  P.  used  Signature   

No.  of  employees  

Weekly  pay  roll   Address   

Tonnage  in  

Tonnage  out  


